The Volta: A Galant Gesture of Culmination

Example 1. Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Stabat Mater (1736), IX. “Sancta mater istud agas,” mm. 1-11. (Diego Fabris, conductor)

Example 2. Pergolesi, Stabat Mater, XI, “Inflammatus et accensus,” mm. 26–29. (Diego Fabris, conductor)

Example 4(a). Johann Adolf Hasse, Cleofide (1731), Act III Scene 1, “Pupillette vezzosette,” mm. 15–19. (William Christie, conductor)

Example 4(b). Hasse, Cleofide, Act III Scene 1, “Pupillette vezzosette,” mm. 66–69. (William Christie, conductor; Randall Wong, soprano)

Example 7. Hasse, Cleofide, Act II Scene 12, “S’è ver che t’accendi,” mm. 6–10. (William Christie, conudctor)

Example 8. Hasse, Cleofide, Act I Scene 2, “Che sorte crudele,” mm. 25–27. (William Christie, conductor; Emma Kirkby, soprano)

Example 10. Leonardo Vinci, Artaserse (1730), Act I Scene 7, “Bramar di perdere,” mm. 62–66. (Diego Fasolis, conductor; Valer Sabadus, soprano)

Example 11(a). Vinci, Catone in Utica (1729), Act II Scene 13, “Dovea svenarti allora,” mm. 37–40. (Riccardo Minasi, conductor; Juan Sancho, tenor)

Example 11(b). Pergolesi, La serva padrona (1733), Act II Scene 3, “Son imbrogliato io già,” mm. 4–8. (Sigiswald Kuijken, conductor)

Example 11(c). Carl Phillipp Emanuel Bach, Sonata in F major Wq. 48 no. 1 (1740), I, mm. 20–23. (Miklós Spányi, clavichord)

Example 11(d). Giovanni Battista Ferrandini, Catone in Utica (1753), Act II Scene 5, “Soffre talor del vento,” mm. 77–81. (Christoph Hammer, conductor; Kobie van Rensburg, soprano)

Example 11(e). Baldassare Galuppi, L’amante di tutte (1760), Act II Scene 4, “Conoscerete un giorno,” mm. 12–14.

Example 11(f). Hasse, Ruggiero (1771), Act II Scene 6, “Lo sdegno ancor che fiero,” mm. 111–113. (Arnold Bosman, conductor; Barbara Vignudelli, soprano)

Example 11(g). Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Idomeneo K. 366 (1781), Act III Scene 2, “S’io non moro a questi accenti,” mm. 54–55. (René Jacobs, conductor; Bernarda Fink & Sunhae Im, sopranos)

Example 11(h). Mozart, Così fan tutte K. 588 (1790), Act II Scene 7, “Per pietà, ben mio, perdona,” mm. 89–92. (Yannick Nézet-Séguin, conductor; Miah Persson, soprano)

Example 14. Ludwig van Beethoven, Sonata in E-flat major Op. 7 (1796/97), II, mm. 1–8. (Alfred Brendel, piano)

Example 15. Hasse, Cleofide, Act I Scene 8, “Se mai turbo il tuo riposo,” mm. 25–29. (William Christie, conductor; Emma Kirkby, soprano)

Example 16. Vinci, Didone abbandonata (1726), Act I Scene 19, “Se resto sul lido,” mm. 9–10. (Carlo Ipata, conductor)

Example 18(a). Joseph Haydn, Symphony No. 73 in D major (ca. 1781), I, mm. 60–61. (Roy Goodman, conductor)

Example 18(b). Haydn, Symphony No. 66 in B-flat major (ca. 1778), III, mm. 40–42. (Hans-Martin Linde, conductor)

Example 18(c). Haydn, Symphony No. 56 in C major (1774), IV, mm. 36–38. (Christopher Hogwood, conductor)

Example 18(d). Haydn, Symphony No. 54 in G major (1774), I, mm. 39–42. (Christopher Hogwood, conductor)

Example 18(e). Haydn, Symphony No. 68 in B-flat major (ca. 1778), I, mm. 43–46. (Nikolaus Harnoncourt, conductor)

Example 18(f). Haydn, Symphony No. 70 in D major (1779), I, mm. 73–77. (Roy Goodman, conductor)

Example 20. Andrea Bernasconi, L’Olimpiade (1764), Act II Scene 10, “Se cerca, se dice,” mm. 16–19.

Example 21. Hasse, Cleofide, Act III Scene 6, “Cervo al bosco che piagato,” mm. 63–66. (William Christie, conductor; Randall Wong, soprano)

Example 22. Carl Heinrich Graun, Der Tod Jesu (1755), “Ein Gebeth um neue Stärke,” abridged by Heinrich Koch.

Example 23. Leonardo Leo, Solfeggio in F major, Dresden A No. 27 (before 1744), mm. 26–35.

Example 24. Hasse, Cleofide, “Che sorte crudele.” mm. 21–28. (William Christie, conductor; Emma Kirkby, soprano)

Example 25. Hasse, Cleofide, “Che sorte crudele.” mm. 38–40. (William Christie, conductor; Emma Kirkby, soprano)

Example 26. Johann Christian Bach, Catone in Utica (1761), Act III Scene 4, “Quell’amor che poco accende,” mm. 26–37. (Arnold Bosman, conductor; Stefania Donzelli, soprano)

Example 27. Galuppi, Artaserse (1751), Act I Scene 1, “Conservati fedele,” mm. 27–31.

Example 28. Haydn, Symphony No. 18 in G major (ca. 1764), I, mm. 52–57. (Christopher Hogwood, conductor)

Example 30. Pergolesi, Adriano in Siria (1734), Act I Scene 11, “Chi soffre senza pianto,” mm. 26–31. (Ottavio Dantone, conductor; Nicole Heaston, soprano)

Example 31. Pergolesi, L’Olimpiade (1735), Act II Scene 10, “Se cerca, se dice,” mm. 153–165. (Alessandro de Marchi, conductor; Olga Pasichnyk, soprano)

Example 32. Vinci, Artaserse (1730), Act III Scene 7, “Tu vuoi ch’io viva o cara,” mm. 32–37. (Diego Fasolis, conductor; Franco Fagioli & Max Emanuel Cencic, sopranos)

Example 33. Giovanni Battista Sammartini, Symphony in G major J-C 39 (before ca. 1744), I, mm. 9–17. (Daniel Ferrari, conductor)